The unexpected dangers of gum disease

Plaque bacteria can trigger gum inflammation. Gingivitis involves inflamed gums; periodontitis affects deeper supporting tissues and bone.

Untreated advanced disease can make teeth loose and chewing uncomfortable. Bleeding, swelling, receding gums or persistent bad breath are reasons to arrange an assessment, even when symptoms seem mild.

The American Heart Association reports an association between gum disease and cardiovascular disease. Its updated scientific statement says a cause-and-effect relationship has not been confirmed.

There is also no direct evidence that periodontal treatment prevents cardiovascular disease. Treat gum disease for your oral health and continue any medical care recommended for your heart or other conditions.

Dentaltech’s original article discussed studies linking gum disease with several other conditions. A link in a study does not mean gum disease will cause that condition in an individual.

Shared risk factors and other differences between study groups can affect findings. The article should not be read as evidence that brushing prevents dementia or cancer, or as a reason to change prescribed medical treatment.

Smoking and diabetes are recognised risk factors for gum disease. Tell the dental team about your medical conditions, medicines and tobacco use so these can be considered during assessment.

The dentist may examine the gums, measure pockets around teeth and take X-rays when needed. The findings determine whether cleaning, further treatment or specialist advice is appropriate.

HSE guidance recommends brushing for two minutes twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, including last thing at night, and cleaning between teeth with floss or suitable interdental brushes.

Seek help to stop smoking and keep the review schedule your dentist recommends. Mouthwash may be advised as an addition, but it does not replace cleaning or the assessment of ongoing symptoms.